Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD)

If you have a French bulldog, it is VERY important to be aware that they are in the top 5 breeds that are susceptible to IVDD or Intervertebral Disc Disease, a crippling disease that can MAJORLY affect quality of life and in some cases, even shorten a dogs life span.

What is it? Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) is a common degenerative spinal condition in certain dog breeds, particularly chondrodystrophic (short-legged) breeds - but not limited to these breeds. The 10 breeds most commonly affected by IVDD are:

Dachshunds

French Bulldogs

Shitzus

Beagles

Corgis

Cocker spaniel

Poodle

Pekingese

Labrador Retreiver

German Shepherd

While genetics play a major role, there are several steps you can take to reduce the risk and promote spinal health. Making adjustments at home is crucial to prevent injury and support spinal health. Below are the best ways to create a safe, spine-friendly environment for your dog.

1. Maintain a Healthy Weight & Diet

Excess weight can put strain on the spine, increasing the risk of disc herniation and increasing IVDD risk.

• Feed a balanced species-appropriate diet – High-protein, low-inflammatory food supports muscle and joint health.

• Monitor portion sizes – Avoid overfeeding to prevent obesity.

• Use slow feeders – Helps prevent gulping and bloat while keeping feeding time engaging.

2. Strengthen Core Muscles

• Regular, controlled exercise like gentle walks and swimming helps build core strength and support the spine.

• Avoid high-impact activities that could strain the back, such as intense jumping or rough play.

3. Limit Jumping, Climbing & High-Impact Movements

• Use ramps or pet stairs for furniture, beds, and cars to prevent jumping up and down. Jumping on/off furniture and stairs puts unnecessary strain on the spine. Ramps are ideal if its more than just a few steps.

• Discourage activities that involve excessive twisting or abrupt landings.

• Block off furniture access – If they can’t use a ramp, use baby gates or cushions to prevent jumping.

• Avoid stairs – Use baby gates to block them from going up/down stairs alone.

• Lift them properly – Always support their chest and hind end when carrying.

Best Ramps for IVDD-Prone Dogs:

• Pawnotch Adjustable Dog Ramp (for couches & beds)

• PetSafe Happy Ride Ramp (for cars & SUVs)

4. Provide Proper Support and Bedding/Rest Areas

• Use beds that support the spine. A supportive bed helps distribute weight evenly and reduces strain & pressure on the spine and joints.

• When carrying a dog, always support both the chest and hind end.

Features of an ideal bed for a dog with IVDD:

• Orthopedic or memory foam beds – Reduces strain on the spine and joints.

• Low-entry beds – Avoid beds that require jumping in/out.

• Warmth & comfort – A heated pad can help soothe muscles, especially in colder months.

5. Use a Harness Instead of a Collar

• Collars put pressure on the neck and spine, especially if a dog pulls on a leash.

• A well-fitted harness distributes pressure more evenly and reduces spinal strain.

6. Avoid Slippery Floors

Hardwood or tile floors can increase the risk of slips and falls and lead to spinal injuries or strain the spine.

Create a Non-Slip Environment

• Use rugs, mats, or carpet runners – Place them in high-traffic areas.

• Try dog socks or booties with grip – Provides better traction on hardwood/tile.

• Avoid roughhousing on slick floors – Playtime should be done on carpet or grass.

7. Regular Veterinary Checkups

• Early detection of spinal issues can prevent worsening conditions and help with having a positive outcome.

• Consider modalities such as physical therapy, acupuncture, acupressure, massage therapy, supplementation & chiropractic adjustments as preventative care. If conditions have progressed further, consider medication or even surgery to help prevent pain, paralysis and loss of bladder and/or bowel control.

Recommended Supplements for IVDD-Prone Dogs:

• Omega-3s (Fish Oil or Green Lipped Mussel) – Reduces inflammation.

• Glucosamine & Chondroitin – Supports joint and cartilage health.

• Collagen – Helps maintain disc and spinal health.

• CBD Oil or Turmeric – Can help manage pain and inflammation.

These supplements can also be found in whole foods and are much better in that form, than the synthetic options. If you must choose a synthetic option though, be sure you are opting for the purest and highest quality products.

8. Genetic Testing & Responsible Breeding

• If getting a dog from a breeder, choose one who screens for IVDD-related genetic markers.

• Avoid overbreeding or selecting dogs with extreme body structures that increase the risk.

What to Look out for/Signs and Symptoms

IVDD symptoms can range from mild to severe, depending on the stage and location of the affected discs. If you notice any of these signs, immediate veterinary attention is crucial.

Early Signs (Mild Cases – Stage 1-2):

• Reluctance to move, jump, or play – Your dog may hesitate to climb stairs or get onto furniture.

• Pain and sensitivity along the spine – Whining, yelping, or shying away when touched.

• Hunched back or stiff posture – Your dog may walk with an arched spine to protect the affected area.

• Muscle spasms – Twitching or trembling, especially in the back or neck.

• Low energy or increased rest – Avoiding movement due to discomfort.

• Neck stiffness and reluctance to lower head (for cervical IVDD).

Moderate Signs (Worsening Cases – Stage 3):

• Shaking & panting – Both are often a physical response to pain

• Weakness in the legs – Wobbling, dragging paws, or difficulty standing.

• Uncoordinated walking (ataxia) – A wobbly, staggering gait, especially in the back legs.

• Knuckling of back paws – The dog’s paw may fold under, and they may not correct it right away.

Severe Signs (Emergency – Stage 4-5):

• Loss of mobility or paralysis – Inability to walk, stand, or control limb movement.

• Loss of bladder or bowel control – Incontinence or inability to urinate/defecate.

• Complete lack of pain response/perception in limbs or toes – If the dog does not react to pinching or touching their paws, this indicates nerve damage and requires urgent intervention.

What to Do if You Notice Symptoms:

1. Restrict movement immediately – Keep your dog confined to prevent further injury (e.g., crate rest).

2. Contact your veterinarian ASAP – IVDD is a medical emergency, especially if mobility is affected.

3. Avoid handling the back – If you must carry your dog, fully support their spine and avoid twisting.

4. Do not wait for symptoms to worsen – Early treatment (medication, crate rest, or surgery) greatly improves the chances of recovery.

6. Emergency Care Plan for IVDD Episodes

If your dog shows signs of IVDD (pain, wobbling, dragging legs), you need a plan in place:

Honestly, my plan consists of medication and rest if the symptoms are mild but the minute they they reach moderate, an immediate visit to the veterinarian is necessary in my opinion.

Breed-Specific Exercises to Help Prevent IVDD (make sure to consult your veterinarian before beginning any new types of exercises with your dog)

These exercises focus on strengthening core and back muscles while minimizing spinal strain. They should be done slowly and consistently, avoiding excessive jumping, twisting, or impact. Always consult your vet before starting a new exercise program, especially if your dog has a history of back issues.

For Dachshunds, Corgis, & Other Long-Backed Breeds

Since these breeds are most prone to IVDD, exercises should focus on core stability, back strength, and avoiding excessive pressure on the spine.

1. Controlled Walking on Different Surfaces

• Walk on grass, sand, or uneven terrain to engage core muscles.

• Avoid stairs or steep inclines that strain the spine.

• Keep walks short but frequent to avoid fatigue.

2. Core-Strengthening Balance Work

• Have your dog stand on a balance disc or wobble board for short periods.

• This strengthens core muscles and improves stability.

• Start with 5-second holds, increasing as tolerated.

3. Assisted Standing Leg Lifts

• While your dog is standing, gently lift one paw at a time off the ground.

• Hold for 2-5 seconds to engage the core and improve stability.

• Repeat 3-5 times per leg, making sure your dog stays balanced.

4. “Sit to Stand” Exercises

• Encourage your dog to sit and stand slowly without jumping.

• Strengthens hind leg and core muscles to support the spine.

• Perform 5-10 reps per session.

For French Bulldogs, Pugs, & Other Brachycephalic Breeds

These breeds often have shorter backs but are prone to IVDD due to poor spinal structure and weak core muscles.

1. Controlled Swimming (If Comfortable)

• Swimming is a low-impact exercise that strengthens the back without strain.

• Use a life jacket to prevent overexertion.

• Sessions should be 5-10 minutes with breaks.

2. Low-Impact Treadmill Walking

• Walking on a slow treadmill builds strength evenly without excessive spinal strain.

• Keep the speed low to prevent slipping.

3. Gentle Weight Shifting

• While standing, gently shift your dog’s weight side to side by applying light pressure.

• Encourages core engagement and balance.

For Small Breeds (Chihuahuas, Shih Tzus, Miniature Poodles, etc.)

Small dogs are often carried frequently, which can lead to weak core muscles.

1. Paw Touches (“High-Fives”)

• Encourage your dog to lift one front paw to touch your hand.

• Engages the core and improves balance.

• Repeat 5 times per paw.

2. Gentle Incline Walking

• Walking up a gentle incline (like a grassy hill) builds hind leg strength.

• Avoid steep or rough terrain.

3. Slow Cavaletti Training

• Have your dog step over low poles (set a few inches off the ground).

• This strengthens back and leg muscles while improving coordination.

For Medium & Large Breeds (Labradors, Golden Retrievers, etc.)

While less prone to IVDD, these dogs still benefit from core-strengthening and joint-friendly activities.

1. Controlled Stair Walking (For Strong, Healthy Dogs Only)

• Slowly walking up stairs engages core and leg muscles.

• Avoid jumping or running down stairs, as this puts strain on the spine.

2. Plank Holds (Advanced Core Exercise)

• Have your dog stand with front paws elevated on a sturdy surface (like a step).

• Hold for 5-10 seconds to activate core muscles.

3. Side-Stepping (Lateral Walks)

• Encourage your dog to move sideways by guiding them with a treat.

• Strengthens stabilizing muscles around the spine.

Exercises to Avoid (for All Breeds)

❌ Jumping on/off furniture – Use ramps or stairs if its only a couple instead.

❌ Fast, sharp turns while running – Leads to spinal twisting.

❌ Playing rough with larger dogs – Increases risk of spinal trauma.

❌ Sudden stops (like fetching and braking quickly) – Can jolt the spine.

5. Safe Exercise & Playtime at Home

Controlled movement is better than rough play for IVDD-prone dogs.

✅ Short, frequent walks – Keeps muscles strong without overexertion.

✅ Interactive food puzzles – Provides mental stimulation without physical strain.

✅ Supervised play – Avoid high-energy games like chasing or leaping.

Avoid These Activities:

❌ Rough wrestling

❌ Running on slippery floors

❌ Jumping to catch toys

❌ Fast turns or twisting movements

As you all know, we love hiking around here, so I wanted to throw in some hiking tips for your IVDD babies.

Hiking Management for Dogs Prone to IVDD

Hiking is a great way to exercise your dog, but for IVDD-prone breeds (like Dachshunds, French Bulldogs, Corgis, and small/toy breeds), it’s crucial to minimize spinal strain and prevent injuries. Here’s how to safely enjoy hikes while protecting your dog’s back.

1. Choose IVDD-Friendly Trails

• Flat or gently sloped trails – Avoid steep inclines and rocky terrain that require excessive jumping or climbing.

• Soft surfaces (dirt, grass, sand) – Hard surfaces like pavement or sharp rocks increase spinal impact.

• Shorter trails (1-3 miles max) – Keep hikes shorter to prevent fatigue.

• Avoid stair-heavy trails – Large steps or boulders require jumping, which is a major IVDD risk.

Good Trail Features:

✅ Wide, even paths

✅ Gradual inclines

✅ Soft terrain

✅ Few obstacles

Trails to Avoid:

❌ Steep climbs

❌ Rocky, uneven paths

❌ Areas with lots of jumping

2. Use Proper Gear

✅ Harness Over Collar – A well-fitted harness (like a Y-front harness) distributes weight evenly and protects the spine.

✅ Lightweight Backpack (For Owners) – If your dog gets tired, carry them in a dog backpack to avoid overexertion.

✅ Boots or Paw Balm – Protects paws from rough terrain and reduces strain.

3. Keep a Safe Hiking Pace

• Walk slowly and steadily, avoiding sudden stops or fast downhill runs.

• Take breaks every 20-30 minutes to prevent fatigue.

• Monitor for signs of tiredness (panting, slowing down, reluctance to move).

• Carry water and a collapsible bowl to prevent overheating.

Tip: If hiking on hot days, use a cooling vest to reduce strain on your dog’s body. Or avoid hiking altogether.

4. Prevent Jumping & Overexertion

• Use ramps or lift your dog over logs, boulders, or big steps.

• No leaping over streams or ditches – Carry them or find a safer crossing.

• Control downhill movement – Descend slowly to prevent jarring impacts on the spine.

Pro Tip: For small dogs, use a sling or backpack for tougher parts of the trail. Also, bring something that makes it easier for you to carry a large dog out in the event of an emergency. Some companies make products just for this purpose.

5. Recognize Signs of IVDD Strain on the Trail

Stop hiking immediately if you notice:

• Slowed movement or stiffness

• Dragging or wobbling in the back legs

• Reluctance to walk or sudden yelping

• Hunched posture or shaking

If symptoms appear:

1. Restrict movement – Carry your dog if necessary. There are companies that make amazing emergency packs to carry dogs out in case of an emergency.

2. Give water and let them rest.

3. Seek vet care ASAP if symptoms persist after resting.

6. After-Hike Recovery & Care

• Gentle stretching – Lightly massage and stretch your dog’s legs after the hike.

• Provide a comfy orthopedic bed – Helps the spine recover.

• Warm or cool compress if needed – Apply a warm towel to ease muscle tension or a cool pack if they seem sore.

Tip: For longer hikes, consider canine chiropractic care, massage therapy, or acupuncture as part of your dog’s wellness routine.

The main thing here, overall, is to remember to do your research before adding ANY furry family member to your household. Take into consideration common health problems in the breeds that you are interested in and if you can provide adequate care for them should these problems arise. Just for reference, the surgery that my French bulldog is going to inevitably need, starts at $20,000, so even with pet insurance, it won’t be enough coverage. Especially since we have already used a decent amount of his coverage on other vet bills. Keep thing like this in mind and ALWAYS opt for pet insurance to help when congenital, hereditary, genetic or age related issues arise.